In addition, case studies of ocular infections caused by other nematodes ( Angiostrongylus cantonensis, Dirofilaria repens, Trichinella spiralis, Thelazia callipaeda, Baylisascaris procyonis, Wuchereria bancroftiand B. Among the helminths, ocular infections are caused primarily by nematode parasites ( Onchocerca volvulus, Loa loa, Toxocara canis and Toxocara cati). In addition, case studies of eye diseases caused by Leishmania, Trypanosoma cruzi, Entamoeba histolytica, Hartmannella, Plasmodium falciparum, Microsporidiaand Giardia lambliahave been rarely reported. The common protozoal parasites primarily infecting the ocular tissue(s) are Acanthamoebaspecies and Toxoplasma gondii. The ocular parasitic infections (OPI) are considered significant causes of ocular pathologies worldwide.
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